{"id":2217,"date":"2026-07-04T15:01:23","date_gmt":"2026-07-04T15:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/?p=2217"},"modified":"2026-07-04T15:02:55","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T15:02:55","slug":"cosmetic-raw-material-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/cosmetic-raw-material-manufacturing\/","title":{"rendered":"Cosmetic Raw Material Manufacturing: Botanicals, Actives and Carriers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-30 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-7f7966f1\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-7f7966f1\"><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-d3799ce6\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-d3799ce6\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-d3799ce6\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-9df2e03f\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-9df2e03f\"><h2><b>Why Cosmetic Raw Material Manufacturing Is the Starting Point for Every Claim<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A cosmetic product is only as good as its cosmetic raw material inputs - and those inputs are only as good as how they are made. The cleanest label claim, the strongest efficacy study, and the most stringent regulatory compliance all begin at the same place: the processing of the botanical, active, or carrier that ends up in the formulation. Yet this is the stage of the supply chain that brands most often treat as someone else's problem.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This guide is written for brands and manufacturers who want to understand how the three main categories of cosmetic raw material - botanicals, actives, and carriers - are actually produced, which processing technologies apply to each, and what separates a cosmetic raw material supplier who protects ingredient quality from one who simply shifts volume. The technical decisions made at the manufacturing stage determine what the brand can honestly claim and what the consumer actually experiences.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>The Three Categories of Cosmetic Raw Material<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every cosmetic formulation draws from three raw material pools, each with distinct processing requirements:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Botanicals - plant-derived extracts, powders, and oils sourced from roots, leaves, seeds, flowers, and bark. Quality is defined by active-compound content, moisture, particle size, and absence of contamination. Processing: drying, threshing, milling, and extraction.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actives - targeted functional ingredients (antioxidants, brighteners, anti-aging compounds, antimicrobials) typically extracted or isolated from plant or fermentation sources. Quality is defined by purity, standardisation, and stability. Processing: solvent extraction, CO2 supercritical extraction, or ethanol extraction depending on the target compound.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carriers - fixed oils, waxes, butters, and emollients that form the vehicle for actives and define the texture and feel of a product. Quality is defined by fatty-acid profile, oxidative stability, and extraction method. Processing: cold pressing, mechanical extraction, or supercritical CO2 extraction.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The three categories interact: a poorly processed botanical delivers an unreliable active, and an oxidised carrier undermines an otherwise strong formulation. Industry analysis confirms that over 35% of modern cosmetic ingredients are now plant-based - which means the processing of plant material has become a core manufacturing competency, not a peripheral one.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Biomass Pre-Processing: The Foundation of Every Botanical Cosmetic Raw Material<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before any extraction can happen, the plant biomass needs to be sorted, dried, threshed, and milled to a specification. This pre-processing stage is where most quality problems originate - and it is the stage that most brands hand off entirely to a supplier without scrutiny.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A conveyorised biomass pre-processing line runs the raw plant material through a defined sequence: Feed \u2192 Sort \u2192 Elevate \u2192 Dry \u2192 Discharge \u2192 Thresh \u2192 Sift \u2192 Grind \u2192 Collect &amp; Pack. Each stage matters. The sorting conveyor removes foreign matter and damaged material before it reaches the dryer - debris that passes through contaminates the final milled cosmetic raw material. The dryer brings moisture content down to 8\u201310%, the level at which microbial growth is suppressed and shelf life is protected. The fine grinder then reduces the dried biomass to the particle size the extraction or formulation process requires.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What those parameters look like in practice, from the Buffalo Extraction Systems pre-processing specification:<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Parameter<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>200 kg\/hr Model<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>500 kg\/hr Model<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>1000 kg\/hr Model<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dry Output Capacity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">200 kg\/hr<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">500 kg\/hr<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1000 kg\/hr<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Outlet Moisture Content<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8 to 10%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8 to 10%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8 to 10%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dryer Working Temperature<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65 to 70\u00b0C<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65 to 70\u00b0C<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65 to 70\u00b0C<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fine Grinder Speed<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2,000 to 4,000 RPM<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2,000 to 4,000 RPM<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2,000 to 4,000 RPM<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fine Grinder Speed Control<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variable Speed Drive (VSD)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variable Speed Drive (VSD)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variable Speed Drive (VSD)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total Power Consumption<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90 kW<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">145 kW<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">260 kW<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Full Footprint (L \u00d7 W \u00d7 H)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25 m \u00d7 17.15 m \u00d7 5.5 m<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">42 m \u00d7 19.5 m \u00d7 6 m<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50 m \u00d7 22 m \u00d7 6 m<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sound Level<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below 70 dB<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below 70 dB<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below 70 dB<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The dryer temperature ceiling of 65\u201370\u00b0C is deliberate - high enough to drive moisture out reliably, low enough to preserve the heat-sensitive volatile and polyphenolic compounds that make a botanical cosmetic raw material worth extracting. The VSD-controlled fine grinder, operating between 2,000 and 4,000 RPM, allows the output particle size to be tuned to the next process step: coarser for cold pressing, finer for extraction. That level of process control is what a serious cosmetic raw material supplier should have in place before the extraction stage even begins.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/co2-extraction.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1661 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex-1024x427.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex-1536x640.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex-320x133.png 320w, https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex-480x200.png 480w, https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Studio-Gradient_Buffalo-Extraction-Systems_Website-CTA-Module_Nordex-800x333.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/p><h3><b>Extraction Methods by Cosmetic Raw Material Type<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the biomass is pre-processed to specification, the extraction method determines what quality of active reaches the formulation. The choice is not cosmetic - it directly affects potency, purity, stability, and what the brand can put on a label.<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Raw Material Type<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Recommended Extraction Method<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Why<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fragile botanical actives (rosehip, turmeric, green tea)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supercritical CO2 extraction<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operates at ~30\u00b0C, oxygen-free; preserves heat-sensitive carotenoids and polyphenols<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carrier oils (argan, jojoba, hemp seed)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cold pressing or CO2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cold press preserves fatty acids; CO2 gives higher yield and better stability<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polar actives (plant alkaloids, tannins)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethanol extraction<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethanol selectively dissolves polar compounds; used where CO2 selectivity is insufficient<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standardised herbal extracts (bhringraj, amla, licorice)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethanol or hydroalcoholic<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allows standardisation to a defined active marker; scalable and well-understood<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Volatile compounds (essential oils, terpenes)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steam distillation or CO2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CO2 preferred where heat would degrade top notes or fragile volatiles<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A cosmetic chemical supplier or cosmetic raw material supplier who cannot specify which extraction method was used, at what temperature, and with what solvent, is one from whom a brand cannot make a credible claim. Extraction method is not a detail - it is a quality determinant.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>What to Demand from a Cosmetic Raw Material Supplier<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choosing a cosmetic raw material supplier is a compliance and quality decision, not just a procurement one. Global sourcing analysis confirms that leading cosmetic raw material suppliers are evaluated on regulatory expertise (ISO, FDA, ECOCERT compliance), supply chain traceability, and vertical integration from raw material processing to finished compounds. The brands that build durable ranges are the ones who trace their supply chain one step further than their competitors.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In practice, a cosmetic raw material supplier evaluation should cover:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pre-processing capability - does the supplier control the drying, milling, and threshing of the botanical, or do they buy pre-processed material with no visibility into how it was produced?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extraction method transparency - solvent used (or confirmed solvent-free), temperature range, and extraction yield. A cosmetic chemical supplier should provide this by default.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Active content standardisation - batch-level CoA with stated active-compound content, not just general botanical identity.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moisture and microbial control - output moisture below 10%, with microbial testing data for finished powders and extracts.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISO 22716 cosmetic GMP compliance - the GMP standard for cosmetic manufacture covers facilities, personnel, production, and documentation. A supplier who operates to this standard gives the brand a documented quality baseline.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hygienic construction - SS304 contact surfaces throughout, cGMP-aligned equipment design, sound levels below 70 dB for safe working conditions.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Where Buffalo Extraction Systems Fits In<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buffalo Extraction Systems manufactures both the biomass pre-processing systems that produce specification-grade botanical cosmetic raw material and the supercritical CO2 extraction systems that convert that material into high-purity actives and carrier oils. For brands and contract manufacturers building ingredient production capacity, this covers the full upstream chain - from raw plant to formulation-ready extract. The pre-processing line runs Feed \u2192 Sort \u2192 Dry \u2192 Thresh \u2192 Grind \u2192 Pack; the CO2 extraction system converts the dried, milled biomass into a solvent-free, concentrated extract. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/co2-extraction-for-cosmetics-what-is-the-role-of-co2-extracts\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See the CO2 extraction for cosmetics overview<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/supercritical-co2-extraction-equipment-for-high-purity-essential-oils\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the supercritical CO2 extraction equipment guide<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for equipment detail.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three pre-processing scales: 200 kg\/hr, 500 kg\/hr, and 1,000 kg\/hr dry output - matched to pilot, commercial, and industrial production volumes.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65\u201370\u00b0C dryer ceiling with Rotronic XB20 humidity sensors - moisture control that protects fragile botanical actives through the drying stage.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2,000\u20134,000 RPM VSD-controlled fine grinder - particle size tuned to the next process step, whether cold press, ethanol extraction, or CO2.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS304 contact surfaces throughout, sound level below 70 dB, and food-grade PTFE mesh dryer belt - hygienic design from feed to pack.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brands can also review <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/hygienic-design-principles-cgmp-compliance-for-pharmaceutical-co2-extraction\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hygienic design principles and cGMP compliance for regulated manufacturing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every cosmetic raw material - botanical, active, or carrier - carries the fingerprint of how it was made. A biomass that is poorly dried retains moisture and microbial risk. An extract produced at the wrong temperature loses the fragile compounds the formulator is paying for. A carrier oil processed with heat and oxygen exposure oxidises faster in the finished product. The brands and contract manufacturers who build durable cosmetic ranges are the ones who extend their quality thinking upstream - to the pre-processing line, the extraction method, and the documentation that a serious cosmetic raw material supplier should provide as standard.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>Frequently Asked Questions<\/b><\/h2><p><b>What is a cosmetic raw material?<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A cosmetic raw material is any ingredient used in the manufacture of a cosmetic product - botanical extracts, active compounds, carrier oils, emollients, preservatives, and more. The three main categories are botanicals (plant-derived extracts and powders), actives (functional ingredients such as antioxidants and brighteners), and carriers (oils and waxes that form the formulation base). Each category has distinct processing and quality requirements.<\/span><\/p><p><b>What processing steps does a botanical cosmetic raw material go through?<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A botanical typically goes through sorting (removing foreign matter), drying (bringing moisture to 8\u201310% to suppress microbial growth), threshing (breaking the plant material down), sifting, and fine grinding to the required particle size. In a conveyorised pre-processing line the full sequence is: Feed \u2192 Sort \u2192 Elevate \u2192 Dry \u2192 Discharge \u2192 Thresh \u2192 Sift \u2192 Grind \u2192 Collect &amp; Pack. Each stage must be controlled to protect the active-compound content that determines extract quality.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Which extraction method is best for cosmetic actives?<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It depends on the target compound. Supercritical CO2 extraction is preferred for fragile botanicals - carotenoids, polyphenols, and volatile actives - because it operates at around 30\u00b0C in an oxygen-free environment without solvent residues. Ethanol extraction suits polar actives and standardised herbal extracts where CO2 selectivity is insufficient. Cold pressing is used for carrier oils, particularly where an unrefined, heat-free output is required. The extraction method is a quality determinant, not a secondary detail.<\/span><\/p><p><b>What should I check when evaluating a cosmetic raw material supplier?<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At minimum: extraction method transparency (solvent used, temperature, yield), a batch-level Certificate of Analysis with active-compound content, moisture and microbial test data, and confirmation of ISO 22716 cosmetic GMP compliance for the manufacturing facility. Also check whether the supplier controls the pre-processing (drying, milling) of the botanical, or is buying pre-processed material with no upstream visibility. Vertical integration from biomass to finished extract is the strongest quality indicator.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Why does dryer temperature matter for botanical cosmetic raw materials?<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most high-value botanical actives - polyphenols, carotenoids, and volatile compounds - are heat-sensitive and begin to degrade above a certain temperature. A dryer operating at 65\u201370\u00b0C is high enough to reduce moisture to 8\u201310% reliably, but low enough to protect the temperature-sensitive compounds that make the botanical worth extracting. Exceeding that ceiling during drying can destroy the very actives that a formulator is sourcing the botanical for.<\/span><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why Cosmetic Raw Material Manufacturing Is the Starting Point for Every ClaimA cosmetic product is only as good as its cosmetic raw material inputs &#8211; and those inputs are only as good as how they are made. The cleanest label claim, the strongest efficacy study, and the most stringent regulatory compliance all begin at the &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buffaloextracts.com\/knowledge\/cosmetic-raw-material-manufacturing\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Cosmetic Raw Material Manufacturing: Botanicals, Actives and Carriers<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - 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